Conservations in Solutions

Charge conservation

Sign: no molecule, only ions

Wikipedia

NCEE

1

Procedure 1

If \( c(A^+) + c(B^+) = c(C^-) + c(D^-) \)

\( c(A^+) > c(B^-) > c(C^+) > c(D^-) \) and \( c(A^+) > c(C^+) > c(B^-) > c(D^-) \) are false

In other word, The first and last ion must be both positive or both negative.

NCEE

2

Conservation of Matter

Sign: has ions and molecules; no \( H^+ \) \( OH^- \)

Conservation of protons

Sign: has ions and molecules and \( H^+ \) and \( OH^- \)

Extra: Concentration comparison

Major forms > Primary hydrolysis products and Primary ionization products > others

\( MA : HA = 1 : 1 \)

Either \( c(HA) > c(M+) > c(A^-) \) or \( c(A^-) > c(M+) > c(HA) \) is true